ReviewThe place of probiotics in human intestinal infections
Section snippets
Background
Probiotics were initially used as growth-promoting animal feed supplements in the 1970s and it was considerably later that the definition, ‘a live microbial feed supplement which beneficially affects the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance’ was formulated by Fuller [1]. A redefinition of the concept to ‘a mono- or mixed culture of live microorganisms which, applied to animal or man, affects beneficially the host by improving the properties of the indigenous microflora’,
Helicobacter pylori
H. pylori is a Gram-negative spiral-shaped, microaerophilic rod colonizing the human gastric mucosa. The organism is associated with the development of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Urease is an important product produced by H. pylori. Urease hydrolyses urea to ammonium, leading to increased pH in the stomach which promotes colonization of the microorganism. Treatment of this infection involves proton pump inhibitors in combination with one or two antimicrobial agents [13]
Conclusions
The clinical applicability and the mechanisms of action of probiotics in prevention and treatment of intestinal infections are still not fully explored. Promising results from in vitro and animal studies have been obtained but results from human trials are often inconsistent. One explanation is that several different strains have been used in the search for clinically useful biotherapeutic agents but studies on specific strains like Lactobacillus GG have also yielded conflicting results. Lack
References (63)
- et al.
Probiotic activities of Lactobacillus casei rhamnosus: in vitro adherence to intestinal cells and antimicrobial properties
Res. Microbiol.
(2001) Considerations for use of probiotic bacteria to modulate human health
J. Nutr.
(2000)- et al.
Enterococci at the crossroads of food safety
Int. J. Food Microbiol.
(1999) - et al.
Inhibition of binding of Helicobacter pylori to the glycolipid receptors by probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri
FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol.
(2002) - et al.
The effect of probiotic bacteria on adhesion of pathogens to human intestinal mucus
FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol.
(1999) - et al.
Inhibition of Salmonella typhimurium adhesion to Caco-2 cell cultures by Lactobacillus strain GG spent culture supernate: only a pH effect
FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol.
(1997) - et al.
Probiotic bacteria enhance murine and human intestinal epithelial barrier function
Gastroenterology
(2001) - et al.
Interactions between rotavirus and gastrointestinal cells
Curr. Opin. Microbiol.
(2001) - et al.
Feeding of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Streptococcus thermophilus to infants in hospital for prevention of diarrhoea and shedding of rotavirus
Lancet
(1994) - et al.
Efficacy of Lactobacillus GG in prevention of nosocomial diarrhoea in infants
J. Pediatr.
(2001)
A placebo-controlled trial of Lactobacillus GG to prevent diarrhoea in undernourished Peruvian children
J. Pediatr.
Treatment and prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea
Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents
Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile-associated infections
Clin. Microbiol. Infect.
Lactobacillus GG in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children
J. Pediatr.
Crohn's disease
Lancet
Inflammatory bowel disease: immunodiagnostics, immunotherapeutics, and ecotherapeutics
Gastroenterology
Lactobacillus species prevents colitis in interleukin 10 gene-deficient mice
Gastroenterology
Oral bacteriotherapy as maintenance treatment in patients with chronic pouchitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Gastroenterology
Probiotics in man and animals
J. Appl. Bacteriol.
Probiotics: a general view
The prolongation of life
Effect of whey-based culture supernatant of Lactobacillus acidophilus (johnsonii) La1 on Helicobacter pylori infection in humans
Digestion
Antimicrobial substance from a human Lactobacillus strain
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Probiotic Enterococcus faecium strain is a possible recipient of the vanA gene cluster
Clin. Infect. Dis.
Bacterial competition as a means of preventing diarrhoea in pigs
Infect. Immunol.
Characterization of Bacillus species used for oral bacteriotherapy and bacterioprophylaxis of gastrointestinal disorders
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
Saccharomyces boulardii protease inhibits Clostridium difficile toxin A effects in the rat ileum
Infect. Immun.
Current concepts in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection- the Maastricht 2- consensus report
Aliment Pharmacol. Ther.
Microbial ecology and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections: review
J. Chemother.
Helicobacter pylori treatment: a role for probiotics
Digest Dis.
In vitro inhibition of Helicobacter pylori NCTC 11637 by organic acids and lactic acid bacteria
J. Appl. Bacteriol.
Cited by (82)
Probiotics in the prevention and treatment of diarrheal disease
2022, Probiotics in the Prevention and Management of Human Diseases: A Scientific PerspectiveLactobacillus casei fermentation towards xylooligosaccharide (XOS) obtained from coffee peel enzymatic hydrolysate
2020, Biocatalysis and Agricultural BiotechnologyCitation Excerpt :Almost all endoxilanases could hydrolyze the main chain of xylan which are not substituted by the arabinose group (Tuohy et al., 2001). Clinical studies have proved that the presence of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the intestine could inhibit pathogenic bacteria, could increase body immunity, and produces anticarcinogenic effects (Sullivan and Nord, 2002). XOS stimulated the growth of several probiotic strains in-vitro such as B. adolescentis NDRI 236, B. bifidum NCDC 2715, B. bifidum ATCC 29521, L. brevis, NDRI L. plantarum 184 after 48 h of incubation (Manisseri and Gudipati, 2012).
Lactobacillus casei and its byproducts alter the virulence factors of foodborne bacterial pathogens
2015, Journal of Functional FoodsStudy of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lcr35® properties after compression and proposition of a model to predict tablet stability
2014, European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics