International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
Volume 23, Issue 6 , Pages 563-571 , June 2004

New real-time PCR-based method for in vitro susceptibility testing of Anaplasma phagocytophilum against antimicrobial agents

  • Klaus-Peter Hunfeld

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Frankfurt, D-60596 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Present address: Bloomberg School of Public Health and Hygiene, The Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, P.O. Box 165, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
    • ,
  • Thomas Bittner

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Frankfurt, D-60596 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
    • ,
  • Rebecca Rödel

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Frankfurt, D-60596 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
    • ,
  • Volker Brade

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Frankfurt, D-60596 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
    • ,
  • Jindrich Cinatl

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital of Frankfurt, D-60596 Frankfurt/Main, Germany

Received 5 December 2003 ,Accepted 12 February 2004.

References 

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  2. Lotric-Furlan S, Petrovec M, Avsic-Zupank T, et al.  Human ehrlichiosis in Central Europe. Wien Klien Wochenschr. 1998;110:894–897
  3. Bakken JS, Dumler JS. Ehrlichiosis. In: Cunha BA, editor. Tick-borne infectious diseases. Diagnosis and management. New York, Basel: Marcel Dekker Inc.; 1999. p. 142–3.
  4. Woessner R, Gaertner BC, Grauer MT, et al.  Incidence and prevalence of infection with human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent in Germany. A prospective study in young healthy subjects. Infection. 2001;29:271–273
  5. Buitrago MI, Ijdo JW, Rinaudo P, et al.  Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis during pregnancy treated successfully with rifampin. Clin. Infect. Dis. 1998;27:213–215
  6. Goodman JL, Nelson C, Vitale B, Madigan JE, Dumler JS, Munderloh UG. Direct cultivation of the causative agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. N Engl. J. Med. 1996;334:209–215
  7. Horowitz HW, Hsieh TC, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, et al.  Antimicrobial susceptibility of Ehrlichia phagocytophila. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2001;45:786–788
  8. Hunfeld KP. Contributions to seroepidemiology, diagnostics, and antimicrobial susceptibility of borrelia, ehrlichia and babesia as indigenous tick-borne pathogens. Habilitationsschrift. Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität; June 2003. p. 210–6.
  9. Hunfeld KP, Kraiczy P, Wichelhaus TA, Schäfer V, Brade V. New colorimetric microdilution method for in vitro susceptibility testing of Borrelia burgdorferi against antimicrobial substances. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2000;19:27–32
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  11. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 11th informational supplement. NCCLS document M100-S11. Wayne, PA, USA: NCCLS; 2001.
  12. Betzel G, Seller M, Eichner C. Reproducibility of PCR on the LightCycler system. Biochemica. 2000;1:22–26
  13. Klein MB, Nelson CM, Goodman JL. Antibiotic susceptibility of the newly cultivated agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: promising activity of quinolones and rifamycins. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. 1997;41:76–79
  14. Maurin M, Bakken JS, Dumler JS. Antibiotic susceptibilities of Anaplasma (Ehrlichia) phagocytophilum strains from various geographic areas in the United States. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2003;47:413–415
  15. Simon C, Stille W. Antibiotika-Therapie in Klinik und Praxis, 10, Neubearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Stuttgart, New York: Schattauer Verlag; 2000.
  16. Boerner J, Failing K, Wittenbrink MM. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Borrelia burgdorferi: influence of test conditions on minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Zentralb. Bakteriol. 1995;283:49–60
  17. Hunfeld KP, Wichelhaus TA, Rödel R, Acker G, Brade V, Kraiczy P. Comparison of in vitro activities of ketolides, macrolides, and an azalide against the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2004;48:344–347
  18. Hunfeld KP, Kraiczy P, Kekoukh E, Schäfer V, Brade V. Standardised in vitro susceptibility testing of Borrelia burgdorferi against well-known and newly developed antimicrobial agents—possible implications for new therapeutic approaches to Lyme disease. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 2002;291(Suppl. 33):125–137
  19. Roth A, Mauch H, Göbel UB. Quality standards in microbiological diagnostics—Nucleic acid amplification techniques. 2nd revised ed. Stuttgart, Munich, New York: Urban & Fischer; 2001. ISBN: 3-437-41590-5.
  20. Brennan RE, Sanuel JE. Evaluation of Coxiella burnettii antibiotic susceptibilities by real-time PCR assay. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2003;41:1869–1874
  21. Fenollar F, Maurin M, Raoult D. Wolbachia pipientis growth kinetics and susceptibilities to 13 antibiotics determined by immunoflourescence staining and real-time PCR. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2003;47:1665–1671

PII: S0924-8579(04)00088-3

doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2004.02.019

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
Volume 23, Issue 6 , Pages 563-571 , June 2004

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