International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
Volume 14, Issue 3 , Pages 173-176 , April 2000

Phenothiazines: an alternative to conventional therapy for the initial management of suspected multidrug resistant tuberculosis. A call for studies

  • Leonard Amaral

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Present address: Department of Mycobacteriology, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Rua Junqueira 96, 1349–008 Lisbon, Portugal; Tel.: +1-802-362-4579
    • ,
  • Jette E Kristiansen

References 

  1. CDC. Initial therapy for tuberculosis in the era of multidrug resistance — recommendations of the Advisory Council for the elimination of tuberculosis. In: Initial Therapy for Tuberculosis. MMWR 1993 42(RR-7);001.
  2. Frieden TR, Sterling T, Pablos-Mendez A, Kilburn JO, Cauthen GM, Dooley SW. The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis in New York City. N. Engl. J. Med. 1993;328:521
  3. Liu Z, Shilkret KL, Finelli L. Initial drug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis: evaluation of physician prescribing practices in New Jersey, 1994–1995. Chest. 1998;113:1446–1451
  4. Reichlin S, Frei R, Reusser P. Pulmonary tuberculosis with resistance to four antitubercular drugs (article in German). Schweiz. Med. Wochenschr. 1998;128:264–267
  5. Carriere C, Riska PF, Zimhony O, et al.  Conditionally replicating luciferase reporter phages: improved sensitivity for rapid detection and assessment of drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1997;35:3232–3239
  6. Rossau R, Traore H, De Beenhouwer H, et al.  Evaluation of the INNO-LIP A Rif. TB assay, a reverse hybridization assay for the simultaneous detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and its resistance to rifampin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1997;41:2093–2098
  7. Koga H, Miyamoto J, Ohno H, et al.  A rapid drug susceptibility test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis using the hybridization protection assay. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 1997;40:189–194
  8. Ehrlich P. In:  Himmelweit F,  Marquardt M,  Dale H editor. The Collected Papers of Paul Ehrlich. London: Pergamon Press; 1956;p. 500–508
  9. Rhone-Poulenc (France) — patent for chlorpromazine, 1953.
  10. Kristiansen JE, Amaral L. The potential management of resistant infections with non-antibiotics. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 1997;40:319–327
  11. Amaral L, Kristiansen JE, Lorian V. Synergistic activity of chlorpromazine on the activity of some antibiotics. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 1992;30:556–558
  12. Rajyaguru JM, Muszynski MJ. Enhancement of Burkholderia cepacia antimicrobial susceptibility by cationic compounds. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 1997;40:345–351
  13. Anene BM, Ross CA, Anuka SM, Chukwu CC. Trypanocidal resistance in Trypanosoma evansi in vitro: effects of verapamil, cycloheptidine, desipramine and chlorpromazine alone and in combination with trypanocides. Vet. Parasitol. 1996;62:43–50
  14. Kristiansen JE. Amaral L, ThomsenVF. The reversal of antibiotic resistance by phenothiazines. International Congress of Chemotherapy, Stockholm, Sweden 1993; Abstract 510:65.
  15. Molnar J, Hascon I, Bodrogi T, Martonyi E, Turi S. Synergistic effect of promethazine with gentamicin in frequently recurring pyelonephritis. Internat. J. Urol. Nephrol. 1990;22:405–411
  16. Forrest FM, Forrest IS, Roizin LE. Clinical, biochemical and post-mortem studies on a patient treated with chlorpromazine. Rev. Aggresologie. 1963;3:259–264
  17. Crowle AJ, Douvas GS, May MH. Chlorpromazine: a drug potentially useful for the treating of mycobacterial infections. Exp. Chemother. 1992;38:410–419
  18. Kristiansen JE, Vergmann B. The antibacterial effect of selected phenothiazines and thioxanthenes on slow growing mycobacteria. Acta Path. Microbiol. Scand. Sect. B. 1986;94:393–398
  19. Chakrabarty AN, Bhattacharya CP, Dasdidar SG. Antimycobacterial activity of methdilazine an antimicrobic phenothiazine. APMIS. 1993;101:449–454
  20. Amaral L, Kristensen JE, Abebe LS, Miller W. The potential management of resistant infections with non-antibiotics. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 1996;38:1049–1053
  21. Nutini S, Tortoli E, Corrado A. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the Florence province from 1992–1995. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung. Dis. 1998;2:484–489
  22. Viskum K, Kok-Jensen A. Multi-resistant tuberculosis in Denmark 1993–1996 (article in Danish). Ugeskr. Laeger. 1998;160:3066–3069
  23. Antoun F, Momas I, Vieu V, Poinsard R, Crespy M. Epidemiologic followup of cases of tuberculosis in the medical-social centers of Paris for the year (article in French). Rev. Mal. Respir. 1998;15:171–176
  24. Lambregts-van Weezenbeek CS, Jansen HM, Veen J, Nagelkerke NJ, Sebek MM, van Soolingen D. Origin and management of primary and acquired drug-resistant tuberculosis in The Netherlands: the truth behind the rates. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung. Dis. 1998;2:296–302
  25. Niemann S, Rusch-Gerdes S, Richter E. IS6110 fingerprinting of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated in Germany during 1995. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1997;35:3015–3020
  26. Mitchison DA. How drug resistance emerges as a result of poor compliance during short course chemotherapy for tuberculosis. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung. Dis. 1998;2:10–15

PII: S0924-8579(99)00153-3

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
Volume 14, Issue 3 , Pages 173-176 , April 2000

Article Tools