International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
Volume 14, Issue 3 , Pages 209-213 , April 2000

Inhibition of HIV replication by neuroleptic agents and their potential use in HIV infected patients with AIDS related dementia

  • Jette E Kristiansen

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Microbiology, County of Sønderjylland, 6400 Sønderborg, Sygehus, Denmark
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +45-74-18-2740; fax: +45-74-18-2743
    • ,
  • John Bondo Hansen

      Affiliations

    • Novo Nordisk A/S, Medicinal Chemistry, Health Care Discovery, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark

References 

  1. Ehrlich P. Uber die Methylenblaureaction der lebenden Nervensubstanz. In:  Himmelweit F,  Marquardt M,  Dale H editor. The Collected Papers of Paul Ehrlich. 1:London: Pergamon Press; 1956;p. 500–508(reprinted from Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. 1886)
  2. Ehrlich P. Chemotherapeutics: scientific principles, methods and results. Lancet. 1913;ii:445–451
  3. . Charpentier P, Gailliot P, Jacob R, Gaudechon J, Buisson P. Rescherches sur les di methylaminopropyl-N-phenothiazines substituees. C.R. Acad. Sci. 1952;235:59–60
  4. Decourt P, Gastal R, Grenat R. Etude de lactim narcobiotique sur legs germs microbiens. C.R. Acad. Sci. 1953;2:1109–1111
  5. Decourt P. Activite narcobiotique e derives de la phenothiazine et son importance therapeutice. C.R. Acad. Sci. 1953;236:1195–1197
  6. Bourdon JL. Contribution a letude des proprietes antibiotiques de la chlorpromazine ou 4560 RP. Ann. Inst. Pasteur. 1961;101:876–886
  7. Loddo B, Zanda GE. Influenza di derivati della fenotiazina sulla moltiplicazione. In vitro di cellule vegetali di microorganismi, di virus. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. 1961;CXXXIII(1–2):1–9
  8. Molnar J, Mandi Y, Kiraly J. Antibacterial effect of some phenothiazine compounds and R-factor elimination by chlorpromazine. Acta Microbiol Acad Sci Hung 1976;23:45–54.
  9. Dastidar SG, Saha PK, Sanyamat B, Chakrabarty AN. Antibacterial activity of ambrodryl and benadryl. J Appl Biotechnol 1976;41:209–214.
  10. Kristiansen JEH. Experiments to illustrate the effect of chlorpromazine on the permeability of the bacterial cell wall. Acta Path. Microbiol. Scand. Sect. B. 1979;87:317–319
  11. Kristiansen JEH, Mortensen I. Stereo-isomeric dissociation of the antibacterial and the neuroleptic effect of clopenthixol. Acta Path. Microbiol. Scand. B. 1981;89:437–438
  12. Kristiansen JE, Sebbesen O, Frimodt-Moller N, Aaes-Jørgensen T, Hvidberg EF. Synergy between a non-neuroleptic thioxanthene stereo-isomeric and penicillin in vivo. APMIS Acta Path. Microbiol. Immunol. Scand. 1988;96:1079–1084
  13. Kristiansen JE. Dyes, antipsychotic drugs and antimicrobial activity. Fragments of a development, with special reference to the influence of Paul Ehrlich. Dan Medical Bull. 1989;36:178–185
  14. Kristiansen JE. The antimicrobial activity of psychotherapeutic drugs and stereo-isomeric analogues. Lægeforeningens Forlag. Thesis, DSCM University of Copenhagen, Denmark, 1990.
  15. Guttmann P, Ehrlich P. Uber die wirkung des Methylenblau bei Malaria. Berliner Klin. Wochenschr. 1891;39:953–956
  16. Forrest IS, Quesada F, Deitchman GL. Unicellular organisms as model systems for the mode of action of phenothiazine and related drugs. Proc. West. Pharmacol. Soc. 1964;7:42–44
  17. Kristiansen JE, Jepsen S. Brief report: the susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro to chlorpromazine and the stereo-isomeric compounds cis (Z)- and trans (E)-clopenthixol. Acta Path. Microbiol. Immunol. Scand. B. 1985;93:249–251
  18. Bitonti AJ, Sjoerdima A, McCann PP, Kyle DE, Odriola AMJ, Rossan RN, et al. Reversal of chloroquine resistance in malaria parasite Plasmodium by desipramine. Science. 1988;242:1301–1303
  19. Peters W, Ekong R, Robinson BL, Warhust DC, Zing-Ging P. Antihistaminic drug that reverse chloroquin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Lancet. 1989;1989:334–335
  20. Henriksen TH, Lende S. Treatment of diffuse cutaneous Leishmaniasis with chlorpromazine ointment. Lancet. 1983;I:126
  21. Pearson RD, Hall D, Harcus JL, Manian AA, Hewlett EL. Characterization of the lethal effect of chlorpromazine and its derivatives on the protozoan Leishmania donovani. Clin. Res. 1981;29:837A
  22. Pearson RD, Manian AA, Harcus JL, Hall D, Hewlett EL. Lethal effect of phenothiazine neuroleptics on the pathogenic protozoan Leishmania donovani. Science. 1982;217:369–371
  23. Pearson RD, Manian AA, Hall D, Harcus JL, Hewlett EL. Antileishmanial activity of chlorpromazine. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1984;25:571–574
  24. Lind K, Kristiansen JEH. Antibiotic effect of chlorpromazine on mycoplasmas, Proceedings of the 4th International Organization of Mycoplasmalogy (IOM) Congress. Tokyo, September 1982.
  25. Schuster FL, Mandel N. Phenothiazine compounds inhibit in vitro growth of pathogenic free-living amoebae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1984;25(1):109–112
  26. Romano C, Galdiero F. Azione della cloropromazina sul dimorfismo della Candida albicans. Nuovi Ann. D’Igiene Microbiol. 1975;26:461–464
  27. Wood NC, Nugent KM. Inhibitory effects of chlorpromazine on Candida species. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1985;27:692–694
  28. Eilam Y, Polacheck I, Ben-Gigi G, Chernichovsky D. Activity of phenothiazines against medically important yeasts. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1987;31:834–836
  29. Patou G, Crow TJ, Taylor GR. The effects of psychotropic drugs on synthesis of DNA and the infectivity of Herpes simplex virus. Biol. Psychiatry. 1986;21:1221–1225
  30. Kristiansen JE, Andersen LP, Vestergaard BF, Hvidberg EF. Effect of selected neuroleptic agents and stereo-isomeric analogues on virus and eukaryotic cells. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 1991;68:399–403
  31. Mortensen I, Kristiansen JE, Christensen AV, Hvidberg EF. The antibacterial effect of some neuroleptics on strains isolated from patients with meningitis. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 1992;71:449–451
  32. Kristiansen JE, Amaral L. The potential management of resistant infections with non-antibiotics. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 1997;40:319–327
  33. Krizanova O, Ciampor F, Veber P. Influence of chlorpromazine on the replication of influenza virus in chicken embryo cells. Acta Virol. 1982;26:209–216
  34. Bohn W, Rutter G, Hohenberg H, Mannweiler K. Inhibition of measles virus budding by phenothiazines. Virology. 1983;130:44–46
  35. Alcarcon B, Gonzáles ME, Carrasco L. Antiherpes virus action of atropin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1984;26:702–706
  36. Kristiansen JE. Antimicrobial activity of non-antibiotics. ASM News. 1991;57:135–139
  37. Kristiansen JEH. Chlorpromazine: non-antibiotics with antimicrobial activity — new insights in managing resistance?. Curr. Opin. Investigat. Drugs. 1993;2:587–591
  38. Sarin PS, Agrawal S, Cireitra MP, Goodchild I, Ikeuchi T, Zamecnik PC. Inhibition of aquired immunodeficiency syndrome virus by oligodeoxynucleoside methyphosphonates. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. 1988;85:7448–7451
  39. Lassen Buus J, Squires RF, Christensen JA, Molander L. Neurochemical and pharmacological studies on a new 5HT-uptake-inhibitor, FG 4963, with potential antidepressant properties. Psychopharmacologia. 1975;42:21–26
  40. Engelstoft M, Hansen JB. Synthesis and 5HT modulating activity of stereoisomers of 3-phenoxymethyl-4-phenylpiperidenes. Acta Chem Scand 1996;50:164–169.
  41. Petersen PV, Nielsen IM, Pedersen V, Jorgensen A, Lassen N. Thioxanthenes. In:  Usdin E,  Forrest I editor. Psychotherapeutic drugs. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1977;p. 827–867
  42. Kristiansen JE, Gaarslev K. The antibacterial effect of selected neurotropics on Vibrio cholerae. Acta Path. Microbiol. Immunol. Scand. B. 1985;93:249–251
  43. Rechnitzer C, Kristiansen JE, Kharazmi A. In vitro modulation of human neutrophil chemotaxis by cis (Z)- and trans (E)-clopenthixol and chlorpromazine. Acta Path. Microbiol. Immunol. Scand. Sect. C. 1985;93:199–203
  44. Kristiansen JE, Vergmann B. The antibacterial effect of selected phenothiazines and thioxanthenes on slow-growing mycobacteria. Acta Path. Microbiol. Immunol. Scand. Sect. B. 1986;94:393–398
  45. Crowle AJ, Douvas GS, May MH. Chlorpromazine: a drug potentially useful for treating mycobacterial infections. Exp. Chemother. 1992;38:410–419
  46. Amaral L, Kristiansen JE, Abebe L, Millett W. Inhibition of the respiration of multi-drug resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by thioridazine: potential use for initial therapy of freshly diagnosed tuberculosis. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 1997;38:1049–1053
  47. Skinner GRB, Hartley C, Buchan A, Harper L, Gallimore P. The effect of lithium chloride on the replication of Herpes simplex virus. Med. Microbiol. Immunol. 1980;168:139–148

PII: S0924-8579(99)00157-0

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
Volume 14, Issue 3 , Pages 209-213 , April 2000

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution